Can an android app be installed/converted to run on an iPhone?-Collection of common programming errors

Only if you write or port your own complete Dalvik VM (in Objective C or Javascript), plus developing the runtime support needed for any and all API calls that your app uses, and bundling all that with your app, as that would be the only way to run a regular Android project on an iPhone.

A non-trivial amount of work.

Completely rewriting the app in Objective C and Cocoa Touch would be magnitudes easier.